Brazilian evidence-based guideline for screening, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in adult individuals with overweight or obesity: A joint position statement from the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism (SBEM), Brazilian Society of Hepatology (SBH), and Brazilian Association for the Study of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome (Abeso)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), previously known as Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is one of the most common hepatic diseases in individuals with overweight or obesity. In this context, a panel of experts from three medical societies was organized to develop an evidence-based guideline on the screening, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of MASLD. Material and methods: A MEDLINE search was performed to identify randomized clinical trials, meta-analyses, cohort studies, observational studies, and other relevant studies on NAFLD. In the absence of studies on a certain topic or when the quality of the study was not adequate, the opinion of experts was adopted. Classes of Recommendation and Levels of Evidence were determined using prespecified criteria. Results: Based on the literature review, 48 specific recommendations were elaborated, including 11 on screening and diagnosis, 9 on follow-up, 14 on nonpharmacologic treatment, and 14 on pharmacologic and surgical treatment. Conclusions: A literature search allowed the development of evidence-based guidelines on the screening, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of MASLD in individuals with overweight or obesity.

Cytokine profile during occult hepatitis B virus infection in chronic hepatitis C patients.

BACKGROUND: The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the leading causes of acute, chronic and occult hepatitis (OBI) representing a serious public health threat. Cytokines are known to be important chemical mediators that regulate the differentiation, proliferation and function of immune cells. Accumulating evidence indicate that the inadequate immune responses are responsible for HBV persistency. The aim of this study were to investigate the cytokines IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-17A in patients with OBI and verify if there is an association between the levels of these cytokines with the determination of clinical courses during HBV occult infection. METHODS: 114 patients with chronic hepatitis C were investigated through serological and molecular tests, the OBI coinfected patients were subjected to the test for cytokines using the commercial human CBA kit. As controls, ten healthy donors with no history of liver disease and 10 chronic HBV monoinfected patients of similar age to OBI patients were selected. RESULTS: Among 114 HCV patients investigated, 11 individuals had occult hepatitis B. The levels of cytokines were heterogeneous between the groups, most of the cytokines showed higher levels of production detection among OBI/HCV individuals when compared to control group and HBV monoinfected pacients. We found a high level of IL-17A in the HBV monoinfected group, high levels of TNF-α, IL-10, IL-6, IL-4 and IL-2 in OBI/HCV patients. CONCLUSION: These cytokines could be involved in the persistence of HBV DNA in hepatocytes triggers a constant immune response, inducing continuous liver inflammation, which can accelerate liver damage and favor the development of liver cirrhosis in other chronic liver diseases.

Hepatite C no sistema público de saúde brasileiro: impacto da doença / Hepatitis c in the brazilian public health care system: burden of disease

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Infection by hepatitis C virus is one of the leading causes of chronic hepatitis C and cause severe burden for patients, families and the health care system. OBJECTIVE: The aims of this research were to assess the severity of liver fibrosis, comorbidities and complications of hepatitis C virus; to examine health-related quality of life (HRQoL), productivity loss and resource use and costs in a sample of Brazilian chronic hepatitis C, genotype 1, patients. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional multicenter study performed in genotype-1 chronic hepatitis C patients to assess disease burden in the Brazilian public health care system between November 2014 and March 2015. Patients were submitted to a liver transient elastography (FibroScan) to assess liver fibrosis and answered an interview composed by a questionnaire specifically developed for the study and three standardized questionnaires: EQ-5D-3L, HCV-PRO and WPAI:HepC. RESULTS: There were 313 subjects enrolled, with predominance of women (50.8%), caucasian/white (55.9%) and employed individuals (39.9%). Mean age was 56 (SD=10.4) years old. Moreover, 42.8% of patients who underwent FibroScan were cirrhotic; the most frequent comorbidity was cardiovascular disease (62.6%) and the most frequent complication was esophageal varices (54.5%). The results also showed that "pain and discomfort" was the most affected HRQoL dimension (55.0% of patients reported some problems) and that the mean HCV-PRO overall score was 69.1 (SD=24.2). Regarding productivity loss, the most affected WPAI:HepC component was daily activity (23.5%) and among employed patients, presenteeism was more frequent than absenteeism (18.5% vs 6.5%). The direct medical costs in this chronic hepatitis C sample was 12,305.72USD per patient in the 2 years study period; drug treatment costs represented 95.9% of this total. CONCLUSION: This study showed that most patients are cirrhotic, present high prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases and esophageal varices, reduced HRQoL mainly in terms of pain/discomfort, and work productivity impairment, especially presenteeism. Additionally, we demonstrated that hepatitis C virus imposes an economic burden on Brazilian Health Care System and that most of this cost is due to drug treatment.

RESUMO CONTEXTO: A infecção pelo vírus da hepatite C (HCV) é uma das principais causas de hepatite C crônica e provoca implicações graves para pacientes, familiares e sistema de saúde. OBJETIVO: Os objetivos deste estudo foram: analisar a gravidade da fibrose hepática, comorbidades e complicações da hepatite C; examinar a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (QVRS), a perda de produtividade e o uso de recursos e custos no sistema público por pacientes brasileiros com hepatite C crônica, genótipo tipo 1. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo transversal, multicêntrico em pacientes com hepatite C crônica genótipo-1 para avaliar a carga da doença no sistema público de saúde brasileiro entre novembro de 2014 e março de 2015. Os pacientes foram submetidos a uma elastografia hepática transitória (FibroScan) para avaliar a fibrose e a uma entrevista composta por um questionário desenvolvido para o estudo e cinco questionários padronizados: EQ-5D-3L, HCV-PRO, e WPAI:HepC. RESULTADOS: Foram recrutados 313 pacientes. A amostra foi composta predominantemente por mulheres (50,8%), caucasianos/brancos (55,9%) e indivíduos empregados (39,9%). A média de idade foi 56 (DP=10,4) anos. Em média, os pacientes com HCV esperaram 40,6 (DP=49,6) meses entre o diagnóstico e o primeiro tratamento. Ademais, 42,8% dos pacientes que realizaram o FibroScan tinham cirrose; a comorbidade mais frequente foi doença cardiovascular (62,6%) e a complicação mais comum as varizes esofágicas (54,5%). Os resultados também mostraram que "dor e desconforto" foi a dimensão de QVRS mais afetada (55,0% dos pacientes relataram alguns problemas) e que a média do escore do HCV-PRO foi 69,1 (DP=24,2). Em relação à perda de produtividade, o componente do WPAI:HepC mais afetado foi atividade diária (23,5%) e entre os pacientes empregados, presenteísmo foi mais frequente do que absenteísmo (18,5% vs 6,5%). Os custos diretos médicos totais com essa amostra foi de 12.305,72USD por paciente em um período de dois anos; o tratamento medicamentoso representou 95% desse total. CONCLUSÃO Esse estudo mostrou a maioria dos pacientes possui cirrose, apresenta alta prevalência de doenças cardiometabolicas e varizes esofágicas, QVRS reduzida principalmente em termos de dor/desconforto e dano na produtividade, especialmente presenteísmo. Adicionalmente, nós demonstramos que o HCV impõe uma carga econômica no sistema de saúde brasileiro e que os medicamentos correspondem à maioria dos custos.

HEPATITIS C IN THE BRAZILIAN PUBLIC HEALTH CARE SYSTEM: BURDEN OF DISEASE.

BACKGROUND: Infection by hepatitis C virus is one of the leading causes of chronic hepatitis C and cause severe burden for patients, families and the health care system. OBJECTIVE: The aims of this research were to assess the severity of liver fibrosis, comorbidities and complications of hepatitis C virus; to examine health-related quality of life (HRQoL), productivity loss and resource use and costs in a sample of Brazilian chronic hepatitis C, genotype 1, patients. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional multicenter study performed in genotype-1 chronic hepatitis C patients to assess disease burden in the Brazilian public health care system between November 2014 and March 2015. Patients were submitted to a liver transient elastography (FibroScan) to assess liver fibrosis and answered an interview composed by a questionnaire specifically developed for the study and three standardized questionnaires: EQ-5D-3L, HCV-PRO and WPAI:HepC. RESULTS: There were 313 subjects enrolled, with predominance of women (50.8%), caucasian/white (55.9%) and employed individuals (39.9%). Mean age was 56 (SD=10.4) years old. Moreover, 42.8% of patients who underwent FibroScan were cirrhotic; the most frequent comorbidity was cardiovascular disease (62.6%) and the most frequent complication was esophageal varices (54.5%). The results also showed that "pain and discomfort" was the most affected HRQoL dimension (55.0% of patients reported some problems) and that the mean HCV-PRO overall score was 69.1 (SD=24.2). Regarding productivity loss, the most affected WPAI:HepC component was daily activity (23.5%) and among employed patients, presenteeism was more frequent than absenteeism (18.5% vs 6.5%). The direct medical costs in this chronic hepatitis C sample was 12,305.72USD per patient in the 2 years study period; drug treatment costs represented 95.9% of this total. CONCLUSION: This study showed that most patients are cirrhotic, present high prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases and esophageal varices, reduced HRQoL mainly in terms of pain/discomfort, and work productivity impairment, especially presenteeism. Additionally, we demonstrated that hepatitis C virus imposes an economic burden on Brazilian Health Care System and that most of this cost is due to drug treatment.

Interferon-induced depression in patients with hepatitis C: an epidemiologic study.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the incidence rate and severity of depressive symptoms in different time points (12, 24 and 48 weeks) in Brazilian patients with HCV treated with PEG IFN plus ribavirin. METHODS: We conducted an observational prospective study using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). RESULTS: Fifty patients were included. The assessments with either scale showed the highest score of depressive symptoms in the 24(th) week of treatment; the mean BDI score before treatment was 6.5 ± 5.3 and the mean CES-D was 10.9 ± 7.8. After 24 weeks, the mean BDI was 16.1 ± 10.2 and mean CES-D was 18.6 ± 13.0; 46% were diagnosed with depression according to combined BDI and CES-D scores. The somatic/psychomotor subscales were highly correlated with overall scale scores . Subjects with history of substance and alcohol abuse had higher risk for IFN-induced depression. CONCLUSION: Treatment with PEG IFN was associated with a high incidence rate of depressive symptoms in this sample of Brazilian patients, as measured by CES-D and BDI. Alcohol and substance abuse increase the risk of PEG IFN-induced depression.

Peginterferon plus ribavirin and sustained virological response rate in HCV-related advanced fibrosis: a real life study

Background: Tolerance and response to antiviral HCV treatment is poor in advanced fibrosis. The aim of this study was to assess SVR rate and its predictive factors in HCV advanced fibrosis patients treated in real life with full dose PEG-IFN plus RBV and to evaluate the adverse events related to treatment. Methods: A multicentric, retrospective study was conducted at six university hospitals. METAVIR F3 and F4 HCV monoinfected patients who were treated with PEG-IFN and RBV had their data analyzed. A stepwise logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the variables independently related to SVR. Adverse events were recorded during treatment. Results: 308 patients were included, 75% genotype 1 and 23% genotype 3. METAVIR F3 was present in 39% and F4 in 61% of patients. The median Child Pugh score for F4 patients was 5 (5–9). The global SVR rate was 34%, 11% were relapsers and 55% were nonresponders. SVR rates were similar between patients treated with PEG-IFN alfa 2a or alfa 2b (p = 0.24). SVR rates according to Child–Pugh score were 26% (Child A) and 18% (Child B). The independent factors related to SVR in F4 patients were genotype 3, RVR and fewer Child Pugh score points. Treatment interruption occurred in 31% patients and death occurred in 1.9%, all with liver cirrhosis. Conclusion: Treatment of HCV in patients with advanced fibrosis should not be postponed. However, a very careful evaluation of cirrhotic patients must be performed before treatment is indicated and careful monitoring is required during treatment. .

Tratamento da hepatite crônica pelo vírus C: Novas perspectivas / Treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus: new perspectives

A infecção pelo vírus da hepatite C (HCV) é importante causa de hepatite crônica, cirrose e carcinoma hepatocelular, sendo razão para a indicação de transplante hepático no mundo industrializado (Sherlock, 1995). Várias estratégias de tratamento da hepatite C foram empregadas ao longo dos últimos anos. O interferon peguilado em monoterapia ou combinado à ribavirina tornou-se tratamento padrão. Em 2011, foram introduzidos os inibidores de protease. Em dezembro de 2013, uma nova geração de drogas tem conferido resultados auspiciosos à terapia.

The hepatitis C virus infection (HCV) is an important cause of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, which leads indication for liver transplantation in the industrialized world (Sherlock, 1995). Many treatment strategies for hepatitis C were used for the latest years. Pegylated interferon monotherapy or combined to the ribavirin became a standard treatment. In 2011, protease inhibitors were introduced. In December 2013, a new generation drugs have been presented auspicious results to the therapy.

Interferon-induced depression in patients with hepatitis C: an epidemiologic study / Depressão induzida por interferon em pacientes com hepatite C: um estudo epidemiológico

Objective To assess the incidence rate and severity of depressive symptoms in different time points (12, 24 and 48 weeks) in Brazilian patients with HCV treated with PEG IFN plus ribavirin. Methods We conducted an observational prospective study using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Results Fifty patients were included. The assessments with either scale showed the highest score of depressive symptoms in the 24th week of treatment; the mean BDI score before treatment was 6.5 ± 5.3 and the mean CES-D was 10.9 ± 7.8. After 24 weeks, the mean BDI was 16.1 ± 10.2 and mean CES-D was 18.6 ± 13.0; 46% were diagnosed with depression according to combined BDI and CES-D scores. The somatic/psychomotor subscales were highly correlated with overall scale scores . Subjects with history of substance and alcohol abuse had higher risk for IFN-induced depression. Conclusion Treatment with PEG IFN was associated with a high incidence rate of depressive symptoms in this sample of Brazilian patients, as measured by CES-D and BDI. Alcohol and substance abuse increase the risk of PEG IFN-induced depression. .

Objetivo Avaliar a incidência e a gravidade de sintomas depressivos em diferentes intervalos (12, 24 e 48 semanas) em pacientes brasileiros com HCV tratados com PEG IFN mais ribavirina. Métodos Foi feito um estudo prospectivo observacional, usando o Inventário de Depressão de Beck (BDI) e a Escala de Rastreamento Populacional de Depressão (CES-D). Resultados Foram incluídos 50 pacientes. As avaliações com ambas as escalas mostraram os maiores escores de depressão na 24a semana de tratamento; o escore BDI médio antes do tratamento foi de 6,5 ± 5,3 e o CES-D foi 10,9 ± 7,8. Após 24 semanas, o BDI médio foi 16,1± 10,2 e o CES-D foi 18,6 ± 13,0; de acordo com os escores combinados BDI e CES-D, 46% receberam diagnóstico de depressão. As subescalas somática e psicomotora tiveram alta correlação. Indivíduos com história de abuso de substâncias e de álcool apresentaram maior risco de desenvolver depressão por PEG IFN. Conclusão O tratamento com PEG IFN associou-se a uma alta incidência de sintomas depressivos nessa população de pacientes brasileiros, de acordo com a BDI e CES-D. Abuso de álcool e substâncias aumentam o risco de depressão induzida por PEG IFN. .

Peginterferon plus ribavirin and sustained virological response rate in HCV-related advanced fibrosis: a real life study.

BACKGROUND: Tolerance and response to antiviral HCV treatment is poor in advanced fibrosis. The aim of this study was to assess SVR rate and its predictive factors in HCV advanced fibrosis patients treated in real life with full dose PEG-IFN plus RBV and to evaluate the adverse events related to treatment. METHODS: A multicentric, retrospective study was conducted at six university hospitals. METAVIR F3 and F4 HCV monoinfected patients who were treated with PEG-IFN and RBV had their data analyzed. A stepwise logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the variables independently related to SVR. Adverse events were recorded during treatment. RESULTS: 308 patients were included, 75% genotype 1 and 23% genotype 3. METAVIR F3 was present in 39% and F4 in 61% of patients. The median Child Pugh score for F4 patients was 5 (5-9). The global SVR rate was 34%, 11% were relapsers and 55% were nonresponders. SVR rates were similar between patients treated with PEG-IFN alfa 2a or alfa 2b (p=0.24). SVR rates according to Child-Pugh score were 26% (Child A) and 18% (Child B). The independent factors related to SVR in F4 patients were genotype 3, RVR and fewer Child Pugh score points. Treatment interruption occurred in 31% patients and death occurred in 1.9%, all with liver cirrhosis. CONCLUSION: Treatment of HCV in patients with advanced fibrosis should not be postponed. However, a very careful evaluation of cirrhotic patients must be performed before treatment is indicated and careful monitoring is required during treatment.

Cirroses hepáticas metabólicas / Hepatic cirrhosis metabolic

A cirrose hepática é importante causa de morbidade e mortalidade em todo o mundo. Entre as principais etiologias destacam-se as hepatites crônicas pelos vírus da hepatite C (HCV) e B (HBV) e o consumo e abuso do álcool. Destacamos, também, as hepatites crônicas e cirroses de natureza autoimune, medicamentosas, dentre outras.

Liver cirrhosis is the most important cause of mortality and morbidity all over the world. Among the mainly etiologies, chronic hepatites highlight due hepatite C (HCV) and B (HBV) and alcohol abuse. We also emphasize chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis from autoimmune and medical origins, among others.

Patients with hepatitis C infection and normal liver function: an evaluation of cognitive function.

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is associated with neuropsychiatric complaints. Previous studies have associated cognitive alterations with HCV infection but have often included confounding factors in their samples. This study compares the cognitive performance between patients with HCV infection (HCV patients) and a control group while excluding other factors that may cause cognitive impairment. STUDY DESIGN: This cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2010 through June 2011. HCV infected patients and healthy individuals between the ages of 18 and 80 years were considered eligible. The exclusion criteria included well established causes of cognitive impairment such as depression and cirrhosis. Study participants underwent neuropsychological testing involving measures of attention, memory, abstraction, visuoconstructive abilities, and executive function. RESULTS: Of 138 initial patients, 47 were excluded because of their medical records, three refused to participate, 23 did not attend the consultation, and 32 were excluded because of having Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scores >11. In all, 33 patients underwent neuropsychological testing; however, three were excluded because of having hypothyroidism, and one was excluded because of having a cobalamin deficiency. For the control group, of the 33 healthy individuals that were selected, four were excluded because of having BDI scores >11. Thus, the final analysis included 29 HCV patients and 29 control participants. The groups did not differ in education, age, or gender. No statistically significant differences were found between the groups regarding cognitive performance. CONCLUSIONS: In this study using strict selection criteria, there was no evidence of an association between HCV infection and cognitive impairment.

Primary spleen lymphoma associated with hepatitis C virus infection.

Lymphoproliferative disorders associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) make up a heterogeneous group of diseases, including lymphomas. It was only recently that HCV was recognised as being a potential cause for the development of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The authors report a case of an older woman with chronic hepatitis C who developed primary spleen lymphoma. This case report points out the pathophysiological mechanisms of this disease and the importance of considering this disease in the differential diagnosis of patients with chronic HCV infection.

Multivisceral radical en bloc resection with spleen preservation in T4 gastric cancer.

Gastric cancers are the second most common cause of cancer death worldwide. In the majority of countries, gastric tumours are diagnosed at advanced stages. The authors present the case of a patient with a T4 gastric tumour who underwent a multivisceral en bloc resection (liver segmentectomy, total gastrectomy, partial pancreatectomy) and D2 lymphadenectomy with spleen preservation. The aim of this report was to confirm that, for T4 gastric tumours, radical resection can be performed without splenectomy with minimal morbidity, and this procedure can improve long-term survival.

Acometimento gastrointestinal pelo citomegalovírus na síndrome de imunodeficiência adquirida / Gastrointestinal disorders due to cytomegalovirus in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Descrevemos quatro casos de hemofílicos A com AIDS que desenvolveram gastroenterocolite pelo citomegalovírus com ulceraçöes e perfuraçöes que conduziram a quadros abdominais agudos de urgência e de elevada mortalidade. A média de idade foi de 18 anos (10-36 anos). Todos foram transfundidos com concentrados locais de Fator VIII, obtidos de doadores voluntários de sangue. Os pacientes possuíam anti-HIV positivo (Elisa), com inversäo significativa de OKT4; OKT8. Clinicamente a doença se manifestou por dor abdominal em cólica e hemorragia digestiva alta e/ou baixa, seguidas de perfuraçöes de vícera oca (três casos). O primeiro caso apresentou quadro idêntico ao da retocolite ulcerativa. Nos casos revistos foram observadas inclusöes intranucleares e intracitoplasmáticas de CMV, envolvendo as células endoteliais e epiteliais, dentro e em tomo das lesöes ulceradas. Comcluímos que (1) o comprometimento gastrointestinal citomegalovírus em pacientes com AIDS é freqüente e com elevada mortalidade; (2) o diagnóstico precoce da infecçäo pelo citomegalovírus näo muda o prognóstico e a evoluçäo destes pacientes

Efeito do propranolol na pressäo portal medida através de punçäo da veia esplênica em 27 pacientes com hipertensäo porta / Effect of propranolol on portal pressure measured by puncturing the splenic vein of 27 patients with portal hypertension

Os autores estudaram o efeito do propranolol sobre a pressäo no sistema porta, realizado através de medida da pressäo na veia esplênica em 27 pacientes com hipertensäo porta. Doze pacientes (44,4%) reduziram a pressäo porta em mais de 10% da inicial utilizando dose média de 101mg. Quando compararam indivíduos com esquistossomose hepatosplênica e cirrose hepática, o grau de resposta foi semelhante, com reduçäo da pressäo em cerca de 50% dos casos. Discutem os autores os diversos métodos de avaliaçäo da resposta hemodinâmica ao propranolol e a necessidade de correlaçäo entre resposta clínica favorável e resposta hemodinâmica. Por fim, sugerem a necessidade de seleçäo adequada dos pacientes que faräo uso da droga, através de métodos näo invasivos como a ultra-sonografia associada ao doppler, já que em nosso estudo nenhum dado clínico ou hemodinâmico previa uma resposta positiva ao propranolol

Hemofilia, hepatite B e síndrome de imunodeficiência adquirida / Hemophilia, hepatitis B and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Os autores analisam as principais complicaçöes do tratamento de reposiçäo dos hemofílicos: a hepatite pós-transfusional e a síndrome de imunodeficiência adquirida. Tecem consideraçöes sobre o papel desempenhado pelo vírus da hepatite B no desenvolvimento da AIDS; o envolvimento etiopatogênico e a prevalência de infecçäo pelo VHB nos hemofílicos com a AIDS e em controles. Correlacionam os principais achados clínicos, bioquímicos, sorológicos, em um grupo de vinte hemofílicos com AIDS ou ARC, com os diagnósticos morfológicos do fígado. O único achado universal nestes pacientes hemofílicos foi a elevada prevalência de infecçäo pelo VHB. A grande maioria dos pacientes estava assintomática, anictérica e com provas funcionais hepáticas normais ou ligeiramente alteradas. Näo houve correlaçäo anátomo-clínica. Esteatose microvesicular, hepatite crônica e esboço de reaçäo granulomatosa por agentes infecciosos oportunistas foram os principais achados histopatológicos. A relaçäo entre o VHB e a AIDS parece ser estreita, talvez o suficiente para justificar programas futuros de pesquisa e profilaxia no controle da hepatite B, na tentativa de reduzir o impacto e a epidemia da AIDS

Epidemia de toxoplasmose do sistema nervoso central em enfermos com AIDS na cidade do Rio de Janeiro / An epidemy of CNS toxoplasmosis in patients with AIDS in Rio de Janeiro city-Brazil

O comprometimento do SNC foi analisado em 19 pacientes com AIDS, sendo 11 hemofílicos, seis homossexuais e dois bissexuais. Onze enfermos da série apresentaram toxoplasmose do SNC. O diagnóstico foi estabelecido por pesquisa do IgG e IgM específicas no soro e no líquor, por tomografia computadorizada, biopsia cerebral e exame histopatológico post-mortem. Desde 11 pacientes com infecçäo neurológica central pelo T. gondii, apenas cinco beneficiaram-se, ainda com vida, do diagnóstico patológico, recebendo, portanto, tratamento específico e recuperando-se desta doença. Os autores mostram que o aparecimento de um grande número de casos desta condiçäo patológica num curto espaço de tempo caracteriza surto epidêmico. Argumentam ainda que o acometimento do SNC pelo T. gondii deve ser suspeitado em todo enfermo com AIDS que apresente sinais de envolvimento neurológico, enfatizando que a toxoplasmose do SNC pode ser a primeira expressäo da síndrome